During the life cycle (of generally 35 years asset life) of UK rail vehicles, increasing  market, environmental and legislative forces, together with technological and economical drivers, stimulate vehicle owners and manufacturers, together with the infrastructure provider to consider innovative re-engineering changes to rail vehicles and components. Rail vehicles can be considered for change of operating mode whilst components, in some cases, are now obsolete, or are deemed to be reaching the end of their useful life, overtaken by emerging cost effective energy efficient technology. Use of the latter supports both reduction in maintenance, improved reliability and enhanced performance. Vehicle conversion is in addition to rail vehicle interior upgrade/refurbishment for passenger environment enhancements, which has also strongly featured in UK rail operation.